Philodendron bipinnatifidum, the Split-Leaf Philodendron, is also commonly known as the Tree or Lacy Tree Philodendron. It has now been reclassified as Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum.
This large tropical plant has impressive foliage, and is relatively easy to care for.
This evergreen perennial is native to South America. It thrives in USDA Zones 9 to 11 or RHS zones H1C, meaning that it is not frost tolerant. So either grow indoors as a large houseplant or in sheltered areas outdoors in warmer climates.
The Split-Leaf Philodendron grows to a height of 5 to 10 feet (1.5 to 3 meters) and has a spread of about 5 feet (1.5 m).
It gets its common name from its large, glossy, deeply divided lobed leaves. These are a rich, dark green color, and are an impressive sight.
Plants tend not to flower very often if grown indoors. When grown outdoors in warmer climates they'll produce long-lasting, white to cream-colored spathes in spring or early summer.
Plants are able to adapt to low light conditions. They are also useful for growing in polluted areas as they have air-purifying properties.
How to Grow Philodendron bipinnatifidum in the Garden
Choose a location with partial to full shade. This should have a well-drained soil rich in organic matter.
Once established, keep the soil consistently moist by regular watering, but do not let the soil get waterlogged.
If growing indoors provide an application of balanced houseplant fertilizer every two to three months can promote healthy growth.
Although it is a robust plant, it is beloved by aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites, especially if grown indoors. So remove these pests promptly to stop them damaging your plants.
Be aware that all parts of the plant are toxic, so keep away from pets and young children.
Propagation of Philodendron bipinnatifidum can be done by taking stem cuttings. These should be taken in spring or early summer. Use a cutting that is about six inches (15 cm) long, has a node (small bump), and has two or three leaves. Dip into a rooting hormone, and plant into a pot containing a potting mix. Covering the pot with a clear plastic bag will increase humidity and encourage rooting.
Propagation can also be performed by dividing mature plants that have multiple stems.
Growing Split-Leaf Philodendron as an Houseplant
Grow your Philodendron plants in pots with drainage holes. Ideally, use a general-purpose potting mix combined with either perlite or orchid bark (2:1 ratio). Alternatively, use a peat-based mix.
Provide a warm environment of 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C).
Plants will thrive in bright, indirect light. However, as the plant can tolerate lower light conditions, it is aslo suitable for dimmer parts of the house.
They should be watered weekly to maintain a moist soil. Let the top inch (2.5 cm) of the soil out before re-watering. Do not waterlog the soil as this can lead to root-rot.
Misting leaves can help to increase humidity. You may also need to provide support for aerial roots.
Feed plants every four to six weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer, or for an organic alternative add worm castings or fish emulsion.
Outside of the growing season, there is no need to feed, but if plants look like they are struggling provide them with a diluted solution every three months.
Philodendron bipinnatifidum Growing and Care Facts
Scientific Name: Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum. Syn. Philodendron bipinnatifidum and Philodendron selloanum.
Common Names: Lacy tree philodendron, Split-leaf Philodendron, Selloum, Tree Philodendron, Horsehead Philodendron.
Growing Zone (USA / UK Hardiness): USDA Zones: 9-11. RHS Hardiness Rating: H1C (Above 5°C – Can be grown outside in the summer in many places, so long as the nighttime temperatures remain above 50°F (10°C).
Best Used For / Garden Location: Ideal for tropical-themed gardens, in shaded border areas, or as a houseplant. Enjoys a sheltered location with indirect light.
Plant Details
Life Cycle / Plant Type: Evergreen perennial.
Plant Height: 10-15 feet (3-4.5 m).
Plant Spread: 8-10 feet (2.4-3 m).
Blooms: Rarely flowers indoors. If it does, flowers are small, greenish-white, and not significant.
Flower Details: Inconspicuous spathes: hood-like structure surrounding the central spadix.
Leaf Foliage: Large, glossy, dark green leaves with deep lobes.
Fruit: Produces non-edible, berry-like fruits.
Growing Conditions and Location
Best Light Conditions: Bright, indirect light. Can tolerate low light.
Suitable Soil Types: Rich, well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soil.
Sowing, planting: Cuttings in spring/summer. Plant divisions or container bought plants anytime.
Germination time: Not applicable, as usually propagated from divisions or cuttings.
Propagation: Propagate by stem cuttings, division, or air layering.
Plant Care: Water regularly, and allow the top inch (2.5 cm) of soil to dry out between watering. Feed monthly during the growing season (spring and summer).
Growing in pots and containers: Suitable for containers. Make sure the pot has good drainage.
Growing as a House plant: A popular houseplant. Provide bright indirect light, high humidity, and protect from drafts.
Further Information
Miscellaneous: Resistant to pests, but can be affected by aphids and mealybugs when grown indoors. Tolerates a range of indoor conditions.
Pests and diseases: Spider mites, scale, and mealybugs. Root rot can occur if overwatered.
Common Cultivars / Varieties: 'Xanadu' is a popular cultivar with more compact growth and deeply lobed, glossy green leaves.
Family: Araceae, the Arum plant family.
Native: Native to South America, particularly Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.
References and Further Reading: Popular types of philodendron; NC Extension Garden Toolbox: Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum.
Common Questions
Does Philodendron bipinnatifidum make a good garden or landscaping plant?
Philodendron bipinnatifidum can make a good choice for gardens in warmer areas (or grown in a container and put outside when it is warm). Its large, deeply lobed leaves help to give a garden a more tropical look.
Is it a fragrant plant?
Plants are not typically fragrant.
What is the perfect location to grow Split-Leaf Philodendron?
Plants prefer a shady to partly sunny spot in warm, humid environments. Use a rich soil with good drainage.
Is Philodendron bipinnatifidum invasive in the USA?
Philodendron bipinnatifidum is not considered invasive in the USA. It may spread outside of the garden in warmer humid parts of the country, such as Florida. Check your local regulations if growing in tropical areas.
How do I remove it from my garden?
To remove this plant from the garden, first cut back the plant, and then carefully dig out the root system. Ensuring to remove all parts of the roots to help prevent any regrowth.
Summary
Philodendron bipinnatifidum is a tropical South American plant. It prefers to grow in bright indirect light that has a consistently moist, well-drained soil. This large-leaved evergreen is suitable for indoor cultivation or for use in tropical outdoor environments.
I hope that you have enjoyed reading this guide on how to grow Split-Leaf Philodendron. You may also enjoy the following growing guides: How to grow Italian Arum, Leopard Plant, Sensitive Plant, and Orchis plants in the garden.
