Aconitum Plant Growing & Care Guide for Gardeners

Article by Dean Ravenscroft, Ph.D. - Updated 18th Oct 2023In this Gardener's HQ guide, we'll explore cultivating Aconitum plants in your garden, indoor spaces, and other settings.

Wolfsbane, Aconite, & Monk's hood: Cultivation & Garden Use

The common names for the Hardy perennial Aconitum include Aconite, Monk's head and Wolfsbane.

These highly toxic plants typically flower from late summer to early autumn.

Aconitum napellus photograph by alexlomas.

Latin names of Aconitum varieties include Aconitum carmichaelii, Aconitum lycoctonum, Aconitum vulparia, Aconitum hemsleyanum and Aconitum carmichaeli arendsii.

Description of Wolfsbane and Aconite Plants

Aconitum are large plants that can grow stems up to 250 cm (8 feet) in height. Wolfsbane species plants typically have hooded white or purple flowers.

G.A. Cooper @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

As a consequence of the plant's great height, it can have a somewhat restrictive use in the garden, typically being grown at the back of borders.

How to grow Wolfsbane, Aconite and other Aconitum

It is best to sow Aconitum on the soil surface, with a spacing of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches) for smaller species and up to 100 cm (3.5 feet) apart for larger species in the autumn.

Wolfsbane prefers partly shady conditions, but can be grown in full sunlight so long as it is kept moist.

The soil should be cool and moist with a pH of 5 to 6. Aconitum plants require between 5 days and 250 days to germinate.

It is best to start seeds off in a flat against a north facing wall before transplanting.

Caring for Aconitum Plants

Aconitum arendsii and related species require regular watering in the summer.

It is also important to stake the plant, as it may suffer from the effects of adverse weather.

The plants should be cut back each autumn and split every four years to maintain healthy growth.

Photographs of Aconitum carmichaelii arendsii, A. napellus, A. vulparia, and A. lycoctonum

Aconitum lycoctonum picture by Nuuu..ul.

Aconitum vulparia by Col and Tasha.

Visit this page for specific information on how to grow Aconitum napellus in your garden.

Commonly Grown Aconitum Plant Species

Aconitum napellus (Monkshood, Wolfsbane, Aconite, Helmet Flower)

The Aconitum napellus is a perennial plant that can reach up to 48 inches (1.2 m) in height. It is characterized by its deeply divided leaves. The wolfsbane flower is helmet-shaped, and has blue or purple flowers. This plant is commonly known as Monkshood.

Aconitum napellus (Monk's-hood / Aconite), photograph by xulescu_g; CC.

Monkshood is often grown in gardens for its distinctive blooms and foliage. It thrives in partial shade and requires rich, moist, and well-drained soil. The plant is good for use in borders or in woodland gardens. Be aware that it is highly toxic if ingested.

Aconitum carmichaelii (Azure Monkshood)

Aconitum carmichaelii is a perennial plant that reaches up to 48 inches (1.2 m). It features deep green leaves and clusters of dark blue, helmet-like flowers. The common name for this plant is Azure Monkshood.

Aconitum carmichaelii arendsii photograph by Clivid

Azure Monkshood is grown for its late-season blooms. It prefers part shade and a moist, well-drained soil. The plant is used in borders or woodland gardens. It's crucial to handle this plant with care as it is highly toxic.

Aconitum vulparia (Wolf's Bane)

Aconitum vulparia is a perennial plant species, that stands up to 48 inches (1.2 m) tall. This plant features deeply lobed leaves and racemes of yellow, hood-shaped flowers. It is commonly known as Wolf's Bane.

Aconitum vulparia (Wolfsbane), picture by Vasile Cotovanu; CC.

Wolf's Bane is often grown in gardens for its unique, vibrant blooms. It prefers partial shade. Use a moist soil that has good drainage. It can be used in borders or woodland gardens. This plant is toxic and should be handled with care.

Aconitum henryi (Sparks Variety Monkshood)

The Aconitum henryi perennial is commonly known as Sparks Variety Monkshood. It can reach heights of up to 48 inches (1.2 m). This plant features green, lobed leaves and striking, blue, hooded flowers.

Sparks Variety Monkshood is used in gardens for its attractive blooms. It thrives in partial shade and enjoys a moist and well-drained soil. It can be used in borders, cottage gardens, or woodland gardens. This plant is highly toxic if ingested.

Aconitum columbianum (Western Monkshood, Columbian Monkshood)

Known as the Western Monkshood, the Aconitum columbianum is a perennial plant that grows up to 48 inches (1.2 m). It has lobed leaves, and carries clusters of purple-blue, helmet-shaped flowers.

The Western Monkshood is usually grown in gardens for its distinctive flowers. It thrives in a part shade location that has a moist, well-drained soil. The plant is used in borders, woodland gardens, or in native plant gardens. Like other Aconitum plant species, it is highly toxic if ingested.

Common Questions

How many members does the Aconite genus have?

The Aconite genus, also known as Aconitum, consists of about 250 species.

Do members of Aconite make a good garden or landscaping plant?

Yes, Aconite species can add height and colour to borders. They are particularly valued for their late summer and autumn bloom.

Which Aconite species are most frequently grown by gardeners?

Aconitum napellus (Monk's-hood) is a commonly grown species, known for its deep blue flowers.

Are members of the Aconite fragrant?

Aconite plants are not typically known for their fragrance, but rather their striking hooded flowers.

What is the perfect location to grow Aconite?

Aconite thrives in partial shade and prefers rich, moist soil.

Is Aconite invasive in the USA, if so in which states?

While Aconite can spread in favourable conditions, it is not generally considered invasive in the USA.

How do I remove Aconite from my garden?

Uproot the entire plant, including the root system. Note that all parts of the plant are highly toxic, so handle with care.

Summary

Aconite Genus: Growth and Habitat

The Aconite genus, also known as Monkshood or Wolf's Bane, comprises perennial plants native to mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. Aconites prefer cool climates and thrive in moist, well-drained soil. They tolerate partial shade but prefer full sun exposure. With tall spiky flower clusters and distinctive hood-shaped blossoms, they add a unique touch to gardens. Caution is advised as Aconites are highly toxic. To cultivate, use well-established nursery-grown plants or divide existing ones. Regular watering and rich organic soil are essential. Aconites can be a striking addition to shaded or woodland gardens.

I hope that you enjoyed this guide on Aconitum plants. You may also enjoy the following Gardener's HQ growing guides: How to grow Yucca gloriosa, Bellis, and Celmisia plants.